Introduction: the purpose of our study was to investigate the link between specific traits that determine muscle dysmorphia in bodybuilders and the parental behaviours which play a role in developing these schemata, as well as the eating-disorder-specific traits which differentiate bodybuilders from the normal population.

Aim: conceptualising the similarities of personality traits in case of muscle dysmorphia and eating disorders, as well as their etiology based on the schema theory.

Method: to measure muscle dysmorphia was used the Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale. We explored its connection with eating disorders applying the Eating Disorder Inventory and thereof with the parental behaviours was used the Young Parental Inventory.

Results: a number of eating-disorder-specific traits differentiate persons with muscle dysmorphic traits from the normal population. These are Drive for thinness, Body dissatisfaction, Feeling of inadequacy, Interoceptive awareness and Perfectionism. Regarding the perceived parental behaviour the father violated the child’s need of autonomy, competence and self-identity and the mother violated the need of boundaries and self-control.

Conclusions: Based on several personality characteristics, muscle dysmorphia may be related to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In its etiology parental care can have a role, as the father is disposed to detain the autonomy, and the expression of personal needs, while the mother demonstrates insufficient control functions, and the detention of the autonomy and the need for competency.

Introduction: Even though mental disorders present significant health burden worldwide, most patients with mental disorders do not receive adequate healthcare. The possibility of telemental health service came into prominence in Hungary due to the restriciton of face-to-face doctor-patient meetings. The present review, based on the last 20 years’ scientific literature, aims to summarize the feasability, efficacy and effectivity of telemedicine services in child and adolescent psychiatry. Method: A review by Gloff et al (17) summarized telepsychiatry service in children and adolescents before 2015. A literature search was generated in order to summarize current knowledge based on

3 international databases (Pubmed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews és Web of Science) for scientific publications after 2015. Search words were telemental health, children, adolescent, and telepsychiatry.

Body dysmorphic disorder is a common psychiatric disease; its respective prevalence is 2% in the general population, 3.3% in tertiary students, 7.4% among adolescent and adult psychiatric in-patients, and above 10% in patients of cosmetic surgery or dermatology. The most important symptom of the disease is the distorted perception of bodily appearance that leads to low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, social isolation and compulsive behaviours. The disease usually begins during adolescence (average age at onset: 16.7 years), the symptoms have a rather deleterious impact on social relationships, education, work and family life. Comorbidity with affective disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, eating disorders, alcoholism, and substance use disorders is common. The life quality of the affected patients is bad, the risk of suicide is high, and the occurrence of heteroaggressive behaviour is not infrequent either. Despite the great prevalence and the serious consequences, body dysmorphic disorder is diagnosed only in 15% of the cases, and it occurs relatively rarely that the individuals affected by the disease get an adequate treatment. The patients do not usually ask for help because they feel ashamed, or they look for help in wrong places because of lack of insight. In addition, quite many experts working in the health service are not sufficiently familiar with the phenomena of this disorder. The authors’ objective is to provide a thorough review about body dysmorphic disorder with special regard to the results of the past decade. A substantial recent change is the fact that the disorder, previously categorized in the group of somatoform disorders, has been placed in the group of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in DSM-5. A complex interplay of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors underlies the etiopathogenesis. Pharmacotherapy with serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive-behavioural therapy are still regarded as the most effective treatments for body dysmorphic disorder. The modifications of the latter developed to target misperception of appearance, emotional dysfunction or perfectionism seem to represent promising therapeutic measures in addition to the application of novel methods of information technology.

Introduction: Novel psychoactive substance use (NPS) has proven a challenge for the domestic addiction treatment system. In the first few years, studies focused on types of substances and prevalence. Recently social and cultural background, personality/identity issues and experiences of NPS users have been thematised in scientific studies. Our study is connected to the latter tradition.

Methods: Our study comprised a questionnaire on sociodemographic factors, and a mixed method content analysis of highly valenced episodes of life interviews, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. We analysed the data obtained from 42 NPS users entering treatment. NPS use was confirmed by preceding drug tests. We used descriptive statistical methods to analyse questionnaire data, and employed paired-sample T-test to analyse the data from quantitative content analysis. The text corpus (personal texts) of the Hungarian National Text Resources was selected as baseline to compare percentages. In our qualitative analysis, we outlined a conceptual network on high point and low point episodes of the life story.

Results: Extreme poverty and deprivation was not characteristic of the current sample as a whole. Our content analysis supported previous results on the highly self-destructive nature of novel psychoactive substance use. Major results of the content analysis of highly valenced low point texts were experiences of entrapment, failure, victimisation and never-ending troubles. The use of function words, especially in low point texts, bore marked resemblance with „negative code” frequencies, also indicating a self-destructive attitude. Parallel, elements related to inevitability have increased significantly, while words referring to defence (generalizations and distancing) decreased.

Background and aims: Our primary goal was to determine and compare the anger expression strategies used by players of the two most popular online games, League of Legends and Fortnite Battle Royale, as well as those used by non-gamers.

Methods: The study sample was comprised of 450 subjects, of whom 338 were males and 112 females. The sample was further divided into four groups: 1. Non-gamers; 2. League of Legends gamers; 3. Fortnite gamers; and 4. League of Legends and Fortnite gamers. Anger attributes were measured using the validated Hungarian version of the 20-item Anger Expression Scale (Oláh 1987; Spielberger, 1985). Multinomial Logistic Regression was used to analyze the role of age and gender of the subjects to predict whether subjects were non-gamers or gamers. Subjects were further assessed by employing the Anger Expression Scale, which determines Anger-In (turning anger inwards or suppressing anger) and Anger-Out (expressing anger outwardly) profiles of individuals. The Anger-In and Anger-Out variables were added to the model.

Results: Compared to League of Legends gamers, Fortnite gamers had a more passive (Anger-In) anger expression strategy. Fortnite and League of Legends gamers possessed a more passive anger expression strategy relative to non-gamers.

Discussion and conclusion: Further research is needed to determine whether the games themselves have a determining influence on the gamers anger expression strategy, or whether the gamers personality and anger expression strategy predisposed them to choose one game over the other.

Introduction: In Hungary, the use of music in rehabilitation is a scarcely researched area. In this study we aimed to examine the structure, purpose, and role of music activities conducted at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged. We studied the rehabilitation programs of psychiatric patients and the role of music activities in healing and reintegration. All of this has been compared to the structure, timing and effectiveness of music therapy methods used worldwide.

Methods: The 10-person sample consisted of patients participating in the rehabilitation program of the department, who agreed to attend music sessions there over a two-week interval. During the first and last interventions, we measured patient satisfaction with life, perceived social support, and levels of depression and trait anxiety. In addition, we measured changes in anxiety during a single music session, and a short structured interview was completed with each patient at the time of the last session.

Results: Our results show that patients' perceived social support increased (t[9]=-3,61, p< 0,01) during the intervention period – especially regarding the family dimension (t[9]=-2,57 , p=0,03). The level of anxiety decreased (t[9]=2,42, p=0,03), and the level of depression also showed a marginally significant decrease (t[9]=2,11, p= 0,06). No significant differences were found in the changes of life satisfaction and the immediate anxiety-relieving effect of music practice. The content of the interviews however confirmed that there is indeed an immediate anxiety-relieving effect of a single music session.